Abstract
We mainly aimed to determine how alternative liquid fuels affect the exhaust particle size distributions (PSD) emitted by a medium-speed diesel engine. The selected alternative fuels included: circulation-origin marine gas oil (MGO), the 26/74 vol. % blend of renewable naphtha and baseline low-sulfur marine light fuel oil (LFO), and kerosene. PSDs were measured by means of an engine exhaust particle sizer from the raw exhaust of a four-cylinder, turbocharged, intercooled engine. During the measurements, the engine was loaded by an alternator, the maximum power output being set at 600 kW(e) at a speed of 1000 rpm. The partial loads of 450, 300, 150 and 60 kW(e) were also used for measurements. At each load, the PSDs had a distinct peak between 20 and 100 nm regardless of fuel. Relative to the other fuels, circulation-origin MGO emitted the lowest particle numbers at several loads despite having the highest viscosity and highest density. Compared to baseline LFO and kerosene, MGO and the blend of renewable naphtha and LFO were more beneficial in terms of total particle number (TPN). Irrespective of the load or fuel, the TPN consisted mainly of particles detected above the 23 nm size category.
Highlights
Medium-speed diesel engines are largely used for power generation on land and sea
This paper presents how the selected alternative fuels affected the particle size distributions (PSD) of the medium-speed experimental engine
In the range of 85 to 200 nm, kerosene emitted the fewest particles whereas the order of other fuels varied
Summary
Medium-speed diesel engines are largely used for power generation on land and sea. Small amounts of harmful pollutant emissions may be generated due to the combustion of either liquid or gaseous fuel in the engine cylinder. Gaseous and particulate emissions are regulated worldwide to inhibit the effects of pollutants on the ambient air quality, human health, and climate change. For stationary engines of generating sets above 560 kW, the emission regulations of non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) must be met. In the newest Stage V, the NRMM set of regulation includes limits for exhaust particle number (PN) emissions [1]. The PN emission limitation will be applied to inland waterway vessels when the regulation comes gradually into effect within 2019–2020
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