Abstract
Abstract Computational results have been obtained for radar backscattering cross sections of spherical model hailstones containing air bubbles inside the surface water or spongy ice layer. The effective refractive indices of water-air or water-ice-air mixtures have been obtained using the Maxwell-Garnett and Bruggeman effective medium approximations. The radar backscattering cross sections have been calculated for a layered sphere composed of an ice core and water-air or ice-water-air outside layer. The amount of air in a surface layer was varied between 0% and 20% by volume. The presence of air bubbles in the surface layer shifts positions of the backscattering peaks and modifies the backscattered intensifies at peak values. The dependence of the backscattering cross section on the air bubbles volume fraction is stronger at shorter wavelengths.
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