Abstract
Simple SummaryBeef is in great demand in many countries. Consumers are more inclined to buy beef with good tenderness, color, flavor, and healthy fatty acid composition. Beef that has been aged is often more suitable for cooking and processing. A research gap exists regarding the analysis of meat quality during the aging process in Yunling cattle, a new hybrid beef cattle bred by Chinese researchers. This study measured a set of indicators of Yunling beef and other two breeds as controls (Simmental cattle, an excellent beef cattle breed used around the world, and Wenshan cattle, a local beef cattle breed in southern China), including the pH, water loss rate, cooking loss, Warner-Bratzler shear force, myofibrillar fragmentation index, inosine 5′-monophosphate, color, and fatty acid profiles. In addition, some growth performance and carcass characteristics were determined. The results showed that the pH, water holding capacity, growth performance, and carcass traits of Yunling and Simmental cattle were basically the same and better, respectively, than those of Wenshan cattle. Aging time had no effect on beef fatty acid composition, with Yunling beef showing a healthier fatty acid profile versus the other two breeds. With increased aging time, the tenderness and color of Yunling beef became more suitable for cooking and sensory characteristics. Therefore, this study suggests that Yunling beef should be used for cooking and processing after aging.The beef aging process is essential for compliance with certain major requisites, such as sensory characteristics for cooking and meat processing. Meat quality analysis of Yunling cattle, a new hybrid beef cattle bred by Chinese researchers, during the aging process, represents a major research gap. To explore Yunling beef initially, indicators associated with meat quality during the aging process of Yunling, Simmental, and Wenshan cattle were measured. In addition, some important economic traits were detected in the three breeds, including growth performance and carcass characteristics. The results showed that the growth performance, carcass traits, pH, and water holding capacity of Yunling and Simmental cattle were basically the same and better, respectively, than those of Wenshan cattle. The proportions of individual fatty acids in Yunling beef were healthier than in the other two breeds. Aging time did not affect the fatty acid profiles of the beef (p > 0.05). The contents of certain fatty acids in the three beef types displayed some differences in terms of days of aging (p < 0.05). The tenderness and meat color were better in the Yunling beef as the aging time increased, indicating that Yunling beef aged for 7 days was more suitable for cooking, exhibiting better sensory characteristics. Thus, a 7-day short-term aging process is very effective in improving the quality of Yunling beef. Our study attempted to fill a gap in the Yunling beef quality analysis during aging, providing further evidence for Yunling beef improvement.
Highlights
IntroductionBeef is a frequently consumed source of red meat, with high demand for the product worldwide [1,2,3]
Beef is a frequently consumed source of red meat, with high demand for the product worldwide [1,2,3].Beef is an excellent source of protein, essential vitamins, and minerals in the human diet [4]
Yunling cattle’s initial and carcass weights were similar to Simmental cattle and significantly higher than Wenshan cattle (p < 0.05)
Summary
Beef is a frequently consumed source of red meat, with high demand for the product worldwide [1,2,3]. Beef is an excellent source of protein, essential vitamins, and minerals in the human diet [4]. Chinese native cattle are better adapted to the environment versus introduced varieties. Yunling cattle, which are attracting increasing attention, was the fourth beef cattle variety with completely independent intellectual property rights developed by Chinese scientific researchers. Yunling cattle represent the first meat cattle breed bred by three-way hybridization in China, but were the first new beef cattle breed adapted to the tropical and subtropical regions of southern China.
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