Effect of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Repair in Nicotine Model Rat: A Femoral Bone Diaphyseal Defect Study

Abstract

Background: The major function of the bone in the skeletal system is to provide structural support to the body and its vital organs. Many patients suffer from the disability to restore bone lesions following bone fractures during crashes or accidents. The use of mesenchymal stem cells such as adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), along with collagen scaffolds, and its transfer to the lesion site can be valued as one of the available treatment options. Objectives: In the current paper, a study was conducted on the level of mesenchymal stem cell repair from the rat adipocytes, where it was evaluated in bone defects. Methods: In this study, mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the rat adipocytes and their stem cell lines were determined with the standard cell tests. The isolated cells were differentiated in the next step and transferred to the two main groups: nicotine modeled and non-modeled (non-nicotine) along with collagens. The repair of the defect caused by a 2 mm drill in the diaphyseal region of the rat bone was evaluated after four weeks using radiographic examination and histopathologic staining. Results: Radiographic data analysis indicated that bone density was much higher in the non-nicotine group than in the nicotine group. Histopathologic staining showed that bone formation was higher in the non-nicotine group than in the nicotine group. The new bone formation was about 80% and 60% in the non-nicotine and nicotine groups with differentiated osteocytes of ADMSCs, respectively. Conclusions: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is effective in bone defect repair and nicotine plays an important role in the bone repair process as an inhibitory agent.