Abstract
Background: The application of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in liver fibrosis treatment has been increasingly investigated in recent years. MSCs obtained from a variety of sources (e.g. bone marrow, umbilical cord blood and adipose tissue) have been studied and have achieved remarkable results. In this study, we compared the effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) transplantation with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) transplantation in a mouse model of liver fibrosis, induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).
 Methods: Eight-week old mice were treated with CCl4 for 11 weeks to induce liver fibrosis then 5x105 cells were transplanted into mice via the tail vein.
 Results: After 21 days of transplantation, the results showed that the stem cell treated groups ameliorated better than the placebo group. MSC treated groups showed reduced AST and ALT levels, down-regulated expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes, and improved liver histopathology. Both sources of MSCs (bone marrow and adipose tissue) were effective in the mouse model of liver fibrosis.
 Conclusion: Our results also indicated that AD-MSC transplantation in mice accelerated liver regeneration better than BM-MSC transplantation.
Highlights
Liver cirrhosis is a serious disease with a high mortality risk, ranking among the top ten causes of death in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and high-income countries (Mortality and Causes of Death, 2015)
The Passage 3 (P3) candidate cells derived from adipose tissue and bone marrow were positive for CD44, CD90, and CD106 expression, but negative for CD14, CD34, and CD45 expression (Fig. 2)
Administration of either Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells ALB (AD-mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)) or bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) improved liver injury and liver function as compared to those injected with PBS
Summary
Liver cirrhosis is a serious disease with a high mortality risk, ranking among the top ten causes of death in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and high-income countries (Mortality and Causes of Death, 2015). Liver transplantation has been the gold standard choice for patients with advanced cirrhosis This therapy is high-risk due to graft rejection, viral re-infection, and complications of long-term immunosuppressive treatment (Schuppan and Afdhal, 2008). We compared the effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) transplantation with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) transplantation in a mouse model of liver fibrosis, induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). MSC treated groups showed reduced AST and ALT levels, down-regulated expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes, and improved liver histopathology. Both sources of MSCs (bone marrow and adipose tissue) were effective in the mouse model of liver fibrosis. Conclusion: Our results indicated that AD-MSC transplantation in mice accelerated liver regeneration better than BM-MSC transplantation
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