Effect of acetyl- l-carnitine on ovarian cancer cells' proliferation, nerve growth factor receptor (Trk-A and p75) expression, and the cytotoxic potential of paclitaxel and carboplatin

Abstract

Objectives The incidence of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is 15–25% with platinum and taxanes. CIPN can be permanent and often requires dose reduction or change in chemotherapy. Acetyl- l-carnitine (ALCAR), an ester of l-carnitine, is used to treat CIPN in humans and in animal models. The goals of this study are: 1) examine the effects of ALCAR on ovarian cancer cells, 2) determine if ALCAR affects the cytotoxicity of standard chemotherapy on ovarian cancer cells. Methods OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 ovarian cancer lines were incubated in ALCAR containing media. Viability, proliferation, and expression of the nerve growth factor receptors (NGFR) Trk-A and p-75 were determined by flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity assays examining ALCAR's effect on paclitaxel and carboplatin were done by flow cytometry and infrared plate-reader. Results Flow cytometry showed no change in percent live ( p = 0.87) or proliferation ( p = 0.95) of OVCAR-3 cells when comparing controls with up to 100 μM ALCAR. However, there was a slight but significant decrease in the proliferation of SKOV-3 cells incubated at higher ALCAR concentrations ( p = < 0.01). Flow cytometry showed no difference in the viability of OVCAR-3 cells when comparing ALCAR: +/− paclitaxel ( p = 1), +/− carboplatin ( p = 0.8), or both ( p = 0.4). Proliferation assays indicated that paclitaxel's cytotoxicity on OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cells was unchanged at higher ALCAR concentrations ( p = < 0.01–0.4). ALCAR did not affect the expression of NGFR on OVCAR-3 or SKOV-3 cells. Conclusion ALCAR does not affect the cytotoxicity of paclitaxel or carboplatin. There was no increase in proliferation, or NGFR of OVCAR-3 or SKOV-3 cells exposed to ALCAR.