Abstract
Crystallization carried out in the presence of shear or tensile stresses in the melt or solution leads to the formation of unusual morphological forms — flattened spherulites, structures of the shish kebab type, "skew" crystals, etc. A thermodynamic analysis of the kinetics and morphology of spherulite growth makes it possible to explain the spherulite flattening effect and obtain an expression relating the shape of the spherulite and the stress characteristics. By taking into account the changes in the configuration entropy of the deformed polymer chain during the formation of a folded-chain crystal it is possible to gain a better understanding of the spherulite flattening effect and describe the mechanism of skew crystal formation. A relation is obtained between the optimum angle of orientation of the c axis relative to the direction of the applied stress and such macroscopic parameters as the crystallinity. A general picture of the effect of a mechanical field on the morphology of crystallizing polymers in various stages of extension is proposed.
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