Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The mechanism of action of methylphenidate is to block presynaptic noradrenaline and dopamine reuptake transporters, resulting in increased concentration and time of action of neurotransmitters in the postsynaptic cell.OBJECTIVE: To research the effects associated with the long-term use of methylphenidate for the treatment of ADHD.METHODS: The report on the study was organized according to the criteria of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (Prisma), being a systematic review. The articles were analyzed between 2009 and July 2021, including original quantitative or qualitative research articles. Exclusion criteria used: opinion or review articles, or written in a language other than English, Portuguese. All research results are properly filed, enabling future consultations, following the inclusion and exclusion criteria described in the work.RESULTS: Of the 3104 articles identified for review, 20 were selected for review. The main effects of the use of methylphenidate were: irritability, tendency to cry and anxiety. Anorexia, nervousness, insomnia, headache, nausea, and weight loss have also been reported in ADHD patients. Risks of miscarriages and elective interruptions, cardiac malformations and pre-eclampsia in pregnancies exposed to methylphenidate. Risk of seizure in patients starting treatment and risk of prehypertension in adults with normal baseline blood pressure.CONCLUSION: With this systematic review it was possible to describe the adverse effects associated with the use of methylphenidate for the treatment of ADHD, as well as the risks associated with the unguided/recreational use of methylphenidate among health care students.
Published Version
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