Efectos de la Contaminación Plástica en los Ecosistemas Marinos: Un Análisis Actualizado

Abstract

Plastic pollution in the oceans represents a significant threat to marine biodiversity and coastal ecosystems. This study analyzes the effects of microplastics and plastic debris, focusing on their impact on species at different trophic levels and ecosystem health. Through a comprehensive review of scientific literature from databases such as Scopus and Web of Science, recent research on the toxicological consequences of plastics and possible solutions were selected. The results show that microplastics are ingested by a wide variety of organisms, causing digestive blockages, cell damage and reproductive alterations, as well as serving as vectors of chemical contaminants. Although current policies have been successful in reducing the use of single-use plastics, the lack of adequate recycling and composting infrastructure limits the effectiveness of these measures. The study concludes that coordinated global action, with emphasis on the transition to a circular economy and the development of innovative technologies, is required to mitigate the devastating impacts of plastic pollution in the oceans.