Abstract
Time synchronization is an essential issue in industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs). It assists perfect coordinated communications among the sensor nodes to preserve battery power. Generally, time synchronization in IWSNs has two major aspects of energy consumption and accuracy. In the literature, the energy consumption has not received much attention in contrast to the accuracy. In this paper, focusing on the energy consumption aspect, we introduce an energy-efficient reference node selection (EERS) algorithm for time synchronization in IWSNs. It selects and schedules a minimal sequence of connected reference nodes that are responsible for spreading timing messages. EERS achieves energy consumption synchronization by reducing the number of transmitted messages among the sensor nodes. To evaluate the performance of EERS, we conducted extensive experiments with Arduino Nano RF sensors and revealed that EERS achieves considerably fewer messages than previous techniques, robust time synchronization (R-Sync), fast scheduling and accurate drift compensation for time synchronization (FADS), and low power scheduling for time synchronization protocols (LPSS). In addition, simulation results for a large sensor network of 450 nodes demonstrate that EERS reduces the whole number of transmitted messages by 52%, 30%, and 13% compared to R-Sync, FADS, and LPSS, respectively.
Highlights
IntroductionIndustrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) have been widely developed in the last decade
Industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) have been widely developed in the last decade.They play a significant role in many applications, e.g., industry, healthcare, agriculture, and smart metering systems
This section describes the evaluation of the efficient reference node selection (EERS), low power scheduling for time synchronization protocols (LPSS), FADS, and robust time synchronization (R-sync) protocols
Summary
Industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) have been widely developed in the last decade. They play a significant role in many applications, e.g., industry, healthcare, agriculture, and smart metering systems. Sensor nodes are usually used to observe environmental conditions [3]. They are often battery-operated, and sometimes it is infeasible to recharge or replace batteries. To maximize the battery lifetime and conserve the battery power, a time-synchronous operation is regularly preferred. Most of the sensor nodes need time synchronization to coordinate wake up and sleep operations at an arranged time. Sensor nodes require trust and robust synchronization [5]
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