Abstract
This article is focused on the overview of functionality of the neurons and investigation of the current research and algorithms used for brain source localization. The human brain is made up of active neurons and continuously generates electrical impulses on scalp surface. The neurons transmit the message through the dendrites called pyramidal cells. The active parts of the brain are addressed and measured by various neuroimaging techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG) etc. These techniques help to diagnose pathological, physiological, mental and functional abnormalities of the brain. EEG is a high temporal resolution and a low spatial resolution technique which yields the non-invasively potential difference measurements between pair of electrodes over the scalp. It is used in understanding behavior of brain which is further used to analyze various brain disorders. EEG brain source localization has remained an active area of research in neurophysiology since last couple of decades and still being investigated in terms of its processing time, resolution, localization error, free energy, integrated techniques and algorithms applied. In this paper, several approaches of forward problem, inverse problem and Bayesian framework have been explored to address the uncertainties and issues of localization of the neural activities incurring in the brain.
Highlights
The human brain is made of 1010 neurons
An EEG brain source localization yields the complete solution of understanding brain abnormalities, mental diseases and cognitive brain actions but it provides the best spatiotemporal solution of diagnosing the disorders of the brain such as epilepsy and tumors etc
The forward yields only potential measurements on the scalp which are calculated through the electrodes and efforts are made to remove the noises from the signals due to uncertainties of the three layers or mediums, coupling of the cortical surfaces and environmental noises or stimuli and electrodes used for experimental purposes
Summary
The neurons pass out the message through the dendrites called pyramidal cells so called neural activity This brain neural activity causes the generation of the electrical potentials over the scalp[1, 2]. The neurons’ main function is to communicate chemically and electrically with other neurons[3] They send the messages from one lobe to another lobe thereby causing the dipole currents inside the brain generated due to the stimuli or other brain disorders. Action of charging and discharging takes place between capacitors with the on and off switch
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