Abstract
ABSTRACT Studies have explored the impact of suggestion on the Stroop effect, aiming to understand how effective suggestion is in modulating this phenomenon. The suggestion effect has been replicated in multiple studies, supporting its robustness, but lacks systematic evaluation. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant English-language studies from PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, and ScienceDirect since databases inception until January 2023. Quality of included studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) appraisal checklist, and potential publication biases were assessed. Subgroup analyses were also performed, and effect sizes were estimated using Hedges’ g and analyzed using random effects model. The systematic review was comprised of 19 studies. For the meta-analysis, 14 studies examined the suggestion effect on Stroop interference effect (SIE), while six studies investigated suggestion effects on accuracy. Results have revealed significant overall effects of suggestion on Stroop performance in participants, as evidenced by SIE and accuracy. Subgroup analysis based on types of suggestion demonstrated a significant effect on SIE. Six EEG/ERP studies have also been discussed in the context of the review.
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