Educational Social Movement of Indonesian Women from Pre-Independence to Reform Era

Abstract

This article attempts to examine the gradation of the social movement of Indonesian women's education from time to time, starting from the pre-independence era to the Reformation period. A long movement that does not exist in a vacuum arises from recognising women's status to men who have always held an imperial position. This article itself is conducted in a descriptive qualitative technique with a historical thinking approach. The authors found that the imperial position of women is caused by many factors, both religious views that place women lower than men and a gradation in the social movement of education throughout the history of the life of the Indonesian nation, from the pre-independence era to the reformation era. Even the thought of upholding women's rights as equal to men has existed since the pre-independence era, as can be seen from the fantastic Indonesian female figures, not only because of their thoughts and actions that predate their era but also because of their enormous concern. On efforts to emancipate women, such as those carried out by Dewi Sartika or RA. Kartini. This spirit has continued to develop from time to time to produce a social education movement driven by the two most prominent Islamic organisations in Indonesia, namely Muhammadiyah through its female organisation Aisyiyah and NU through the NU Muslimat movement produced many breakthroughs in the social education sector.