EDUCATION OF CHILDREN IN THE UKRAINIAN PEASANT FAMILY OF KHERSON GOVERNANCE IN THE 19TH-XX CENTURIES: HISTORIOGRAPHICAL ASPECT

Abstract

The article carries out a historiographic review of the study of the problem of raising children in a Ukrainian peasant family of the Kherson province in the period of the 19th–- 20th centuries. It was found that the problem of raising children in a Ukrainian peasant family during the research period was addressed by Ukrainian researchers and researchers of the Ukrainian diaspora. Emphasis was placed on the educational ideal of the Ukrainian peasantry and the fundamental categories of folk pedagogy.The fundamental categories of folk pedagogy, the main educational ideals and sources of folk pedagogy, the system of Ukrainian ideals and life guidelines of the Ukrainian peasant are substantiated. It is emphasized that peasant families were the bearers of ideas, the Ukrainian educational ideal, the way of thinking, and the transmission of traditions and customs of the Ukrainian people. The basic principles of family education in the Ukrainian peasant family of the Kherson province in the period of the XIX–XX centuries, characteristic features and tasks of family education, regularities and components of the process of classical education of children are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on the educational ideal of the Ukrainian peasantry.It was found that in peasant families, the transfer of social experience of interaction between the sexes to children took place thanks to the use of educational methods that helped children to understand their own social roles, to imitate the patterns of behavior characteristic of both the male and female sexes. It was noted that children’s experience of labor skills was formed in peasant families, moral foundations and rules of their behavior were learned, skills of working life were acquired, children’s understanding of social life was confirmed.The children’s experience of acquiring labor skills, the structure of family upbringing of the specified period are disclosed. The peculiarities, common and distinctive features of raising children in peasant and working-class families, as well as the peculiarities of the daily life of a working-class family, etc., are clarified.