Editorial Commentary: Challenge of Non–AIDS-Defining Cancers (NADCs), Focusing on Trans Activation Response Element (TAR) RNA Embedding Exosomes

Lechuang Chen,Ge Jin

doi:10.3844/ajisp.2019.33.35

Abstract

Editorial Commentary: Challenge of Non–AIDS-Defining Cancers (NADCs), Focusing on Trans Activation Response Element (TAR) RNA Embedding Exosomes

Highlights

Response (TAR) element RNA is found to be overwhelmingly produced in exosomes from HIVinfected patient sera
The HIV TAR RNA in HIVinfected T-cell exosomes is responsible for the expression of the proto-oncogene FOS and TLR3associated induction of Interferon-Stimulated Genes (ISGs) in cancer cells, depending on the loop/bulge region of the molecule
A nucleotide aptamer called R06, which forms a face-to-face “kissing” structure to block the function of TAR RNA, attenuates gene expression and inhibits progressive behaviors of cancer cells when transfected into HIV-infected T-cell exosomes (Beaurain et al, 2003)

Summary

Introduction

Response (TAR) element RNA is found to be overwhelmingly produced in exosomes from HIVinfected patient sera. TAR is a precursor of several HIVencoded miRNAs that forms a stem–loop folding structure in the nascent transcript and facilitates binding of the viral transcriptional Trans-activator (Tat) protein to enhance transcription initiation and elongation of HIV. The HIV TAR RNA in HIVinfected T-cell exosomes is responsible for the expression of the proto-oncogene FOS and TLR3associated induction of Interferon-Stimulated Genes (ISGs) in cancer cells, depending on the loop/bulge region of the molecule.

Results

Conclusion