Abstract
The paper presents an edge-based finite element method for the simulation of three-dimensional hypersonic flows subject to an imposed magnetic field. Under the magnetogasdynamics assumptions and at low magnetic Reynolds numbers, a current continuity equation is employed instead of the system of Maxwell equations to obtain the induced electric field. The flow can be modeled by the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations, and the electromagnetic body force and joule heating resulting from the imposed magnetic field introduced through source terms. Both inviscid and viscous flows over a sphere, as well as an Apollo-like reentry capsule geometry, are used to validate the approach. For both geometries, inviscid and viscous results show that the shock standoff distance increases with the magnetic-field intensity, whereas the heat flux at the stagnation point decreases. Moreover, it is observed that the induced electric field has a substantial impact on the effectiveness of magnetohydrodynamic heat shield and cannot be neglected in the calculations. An anisotropic mesh adaptive mesh methodology is used to refine the results and to demonstrate grid independence.
Published Version
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