Abstract
The production model used in Brazilian pig farms promotes a concentration of animals in small territorial extensions, causing difficulty in disposing of the manure generated, since the economically viable alternative is to use this as an agricultural fertilizer. The objective was to evaluate the effect of swine manure doses on the biological and behavioral parameters in Folsomia candida by ecotoxicological tests. An Ultisol, Oxisol and Tropical Artificial Soil (TAS) were contaminated with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 m3 ha-1 of swine manure, to which springtails were exposed for evaluation of mortality, and the doses 0, 10, 15, 20 and 25 m3 ha-1 of swine manure to evaluated reproduction and avoidance. Lethality was observed in all doses as well as all soils, indicating toxicity of the manure. In the reproduction tests dose since 10 m3 ha-1 caused a reduction of juveniles in all soils. Avoidance behavior was observed in all doses of the Oxisol treatments and at 20 and 25 m3 ha-1 in Ultisol treatments. However, in TAS occurred not avoidance response of F. candida. We conclude that the swine manure was toxic to F. candida and the toxicity is dependent on the soil characteristics and the manure concentrations applied.
Highlights
The outstanding position of Brazil in the world scenario of the swine chain is the result of technological advances and strategies of the breeding system that allows for a high concentration of animals per unit area (Lima & Santos 2015), becoming a possibility of financial gains even in properties with small territorial extensions
There was homogeneous distribution of the individuals in the two sections, which proves that there was no preference for one side of the container when both sides contained only control soil
A gradient of increasing swine manure doses applied to natural soils can cause lethality, reduction in the reproduction rate and avoidance behavior of collembolans of the species F. candida
Summary
The outstanding position of Brazil in the world scenario of the swine chain is the result of technological advances and strategies of the breeding system that allows for a high concentration of animals per unit area (Lima & Santos 2015), becoming a possibility of financial gains even in properties with small territorial extensions. This increasing expansion and intensification of swine production generates a large amount of manure, increasing the difficulty of handling and finding the best destination of this residue by the producers. The environmental risks associated with excessive use of swine manure as a soil fertilizer, being hazardous to faunal biodiversity, have been
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