Economics of spring wheat production in the Middle Volga

Abstract

In order to identify the economic and energetic efficiency of the applied agricultural technologies of spring soft wheat by productivity in the conditions of the Middle Volga region, the influence of the main tillage methods was studied: plowing at 20-22 cm, loosening at 10-12 cm and without autumn mechanical processing, on yield, protein content and gluten fractions in wheat grain obtained without fertilizer and on the background of fertilizer application when sowing in N60P60K6 dose. On average, over the years of research, the yield of spring wheat for plowing and loosening the soil with the use of fertilizers was higher compared with the variant without autumn mechanical tillage. The content of protein in the grain with the application of fertilizers increased by 5.2-5.8% in comparison with the uncomfortable background. The protein content was maximum for plowing - 13.26%, medium - when loosening - 12.66%, and what was higher by 6 and 2%, respectively, with the option without autumn mechanical tillage. At the same time, the amount of gluten fractions was also the highest in plowing - 8.70% and loosening - 8.01%. Calculations of economic and energy efficiency showed that with loosening of the soil and without its autumn mechanical processing, profitability was the highest, 79 and 75% respectively against the background without fertilizer and 70% with fertilizer. The most energy-efficient option has been without autumn mechanical tillage with the use of fertilizers. The highest energy effect of spring wheat cultivation is confirmed by the lowest coefficient of protein intensity, equal to 5.96.