Abstract
<p> Recent studies have shown that coffee production costs have been rising above inflation and that the activity has become less attractive to producers. One of the ways to try reducing costs is through the mechanization of activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production cost and economic viability of arabica coffee in the state of Espírito Santo, comparing manual and semi-mechanized harvest to different yield levels. For the feasibility analysis, the techniques of Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return were used and the sensitivity analysis was used for risk assessment. The results show advantages of semi-mechanized harvest. At the level of 50 bags per hectare, the activity was profitable considering the interest rate of 8%. In manual harvesting, the IRR is 8.3% and, in the semi-mechanized harvest, the IRR is 16%. Producers must invest in higher yield levels with new technologies and mechanization to have greater return in the activity. </p>
Highlights
Coffee cultivation continues to be the highlight of Brazilian agriculture (APARECIDO, ROLIM, SOUZA, 2015; AMARASINGHE et al, 2015; APARECIDO et al, 2016)
According to data from the Ministry of Labor, formal jobs in coffee cultivation accounted for 23.3% of employment in farming in Espírito Santo in 2016 (MTE-RAIS, 2016)
Only the costs related to the working hours of each of the machines and equipment in coffee production were included, since they are used in other crops
Summary
Coffee cultivation continues to be the highlight of Brazilian agriculture (APARECIDO, ROLIM, SOUZA, 2015; AMARASINGHE et al, 2015; APARECIDO et al, 2016). In the state of Espírito Santo, coffee cultivation represented 36.2% of the Gross Value of farming production in 2016. Espírito Santo is the second largest national coffee producer, responsible for 20.1% of the national coffee production in 2017, with 9.3 million bags. According to data from the Ministry of Labor, formal jobs in coffee cultivation accounted for 23.3% of employment in farming in Espírito Santo in 2016 (MTE-RAIS, 2016). Espírito Santo produces two varieties of coffee: arabica and conilon. Arabica is the predominant variety in the south of the state and conilon is predominant in the north. Arabica coffee production is present in 45 municipalities of Espírito Santo and represented 32% of the state coffee production in 2017 (LSPA-IBGE, 2017)
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