Abstract
The Merapi Volcano National Park (MVNP) is developed based on particular considerations such as protecting ecosystem or preserving certain species. Management of national park will not succeed unless the communities surrounding park support the park itself. However, it will be challenging because the park was established through a ‘top-down’ process. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the surrounding communities are able to derive benefit economically from the park, especially environmental services such as water supply. The goal of this study is to estimate the economic value for water supply from MVNP with Kali Kuning Sub Watershed as the study case. The economic valuation is estimated based on three different land use maps: 2015’s (deforestation), 2025’s (afforestation) and extreme condition which is grassland (without national park). The economic value is approached by market price for water use value. Lastly, cost and benefit analysis based on several scenarios (deforestation, afforestation and ‘without national park’) is implemented. The study shows that afforestation scenario presents the highest economic value from water supply for the surrounding communities as well as the downstream communities.
Highlights
An ecosystem in Merapi Volcano was established as a national park in 2004 by Ministry of Forestry Decree No 134/Menhut-II/2004 due to its role in the ecosystem
It is possible that the economic value of water services in Kali Kuning will be as much as in Upper Tuntang if it includes the water for ecological flow
The main purposes of water supply from Merapi Volcano National Park (MVNP) are drinking water for downstream and upstream areas and water for irrigation. This water supply benefit is shared among stakeholders who are downstream communities (Sleman Regency and Jogjakarta City) and local communities (Hargobinangun, Umbulharjo and Kepuharjo Village)
Summary
An ecosystem in Merapi Volcano was established as a national park in 2004 by Ministry of Forestry Decree No 134/Menhut-II/2004 due to its role in the ecosystem. During the establishment process of the Merapi Volcano National Park (MVNP), there is a misunderstanding between the authority of the MVNP and the community surrounding the national park. The main purpose of national parks establishment is to protect the ecosystem and all ecological processes inside, people can still derive the benefit from those areas. It is necessary to ensure that the stakeholders around the parks, the communities, become the beneficiaries (MacKinnon et al, 1986) It is stated by Pattanayak (2004) that the contribution to the watershed protection and conservation relies on the net advantages presented by the watershed itself. This objective can be accomplished by understanding some specific objectives which are to define the water use from Kali Kuning sub watershed, to quantify total economic value of the water supply in the national park, and to understand the link between economic value and ecosystem change (in this paper is land use change)
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