Economic and biological indicators of grain sorghum depending on the varietal characteristics of domestic and foreign breeding

Abstract

Purpose. To evaluate and compare the main varietal characteristics of grain sorghum. To establish the main differences in the qualitative indicators of the structure and productivity of grain sorghum varieties of domestic and foreign breeding.Methods. Laboratory, field research, comparative, analytical, mathematical and statistical methods were used in the process of research.Results. In the investigated varieties of domestic breeding, plant height was 109–134 cm; length inflorescence of sorghum 15–17 cm. Higher indexes of plant height length inflorescence of sorghum 143 and 17 were in ‘Lan 59’ variety. The lowest rates were in the variety ‘Kraievyd’ – 15 cm. The height of the plants of sorghum of foreign breeding ranged from 75 to 130 cm, length inflorescence of sorghum 14–19 cm. The height of the foreign breeding sorghum plants ranged from 75 to 130 cm, and the inflorescence of sorgo was 14 to 19 cm. On average, the varieties of domestics breeding weight of grain from one plant was 30.55 g and the number of grains from one plant was 1444, and in foreign varieties these figures were 39.44 and 1313, respectively. The number of the grains from one plant, depending on the correlation dependence, indicates that it has a direct relationship of strong effect on the formation of biological yield of the studied varieties of grain sorghum. The correlation coefficient is r = 0.92, the determination coefficient is R² = 0.8595. Based on the results of correlation analysis, a strong relationship of direct action between the mass of grain from one plant and the mass of 1000 grains was observed in the investigated varieties of grain sorghum of domestic breeding, which is r = 0,98; R2 = 0.96. The results of the correlation analysis allow to establish a strong relationship of direct action between the number of grains from one plant and the yield of the investigated varieties of grain sorghum of foreign breeding, which is r = 0,73; R2 = 0.52.Conclusions. Yield of grain sorghum depends on the main indicators of the structure and productivity of the crop. Indicators of mass of 1000 grains in varieties of domestic breeding ranged from 24.1–35.9 g, and the weight of grain from one plant was 22.5–45.2 g, while biological yield was formed at the level of 3.24–6.67 t/ha. The weight of 1000 grains on the average for the varieties of Ukrainian breeding was within 28.57 g, and the foreign 28.94 g. Among the domestic breeding can be distinguished variety ‘Dneprelstan’, which is characterized by higher mass and number of grains per plant, 1000 grains and biological yield. The lowest figures are in the ‘Kraievyd’ variety. The biological yield of grain on the average for varieties of domestic breeding was in the range 5.37 t/ha, and for foreign 5.59 t/ha.