Economic and biological features of young cattle of Kalmyk breed of different breed types

Abstract

Domestic beef cattle breeding is faced with a difficult task to accelerate the development of the industry in the context of a course on import substitution, which involves not only increasing the volume of raw materials produced, but also improving the quality of products. The purpose of the research was a comparative test of new breed types of Kalmyk cattle with the study of biological and economic features in terms of the formation of reproductive traits and meat productivity, as well as the composition of proteins and lipids of meat, morphometry of muscle tissue in young animals for further improvement of the breed. Comprehensive researches on the economic and biological characteristics and meat production taking into account bioconversion of nutrients in feed products, the qualitative assessment of meat in relation to the histological organization of muscle tissue, amino acid and fatty acid composition of proteins and lipids of meat and given the economic effectiveness of growing of young Kalmyk breed of new factory types Aita and Voznesenovsky have been carried out under environment of the Southern Federal District. Analysis of data on the intensity of daily body weight gain for the entire period of control rearing has shown that castrated bullates of Voznesenovsky type have surpassed herdmates of Aita type by 27,6 g or 3,43 %. A similar situation has been observed among heifers of different types. Different terms of implementation of individual cycles of reproductive function in heifers have been established. Heifers of Voznesenovsky type differed in an earlier period of sexual maturity by 3,9–7,8 days, relative to heifers of Aita type. A comparative analysis of the economic and biological characteristics of castrated bullates and heifers of Kalmyk breed of different breed types has shown the superiority of young animals of Voznesenovsky breed type.