Economic analysis of bean and maize systems: monoculture versus associated cropping

Abstract

Abstract Associated cropping of maize and beans is one of the most common systems used by small farmers in Latin America. For a number of complex historical, nutritional, biological and economic reasons, the small farmer has preserved this system to minimize risk and maintain a balanced and stable diet for his family. Results of 20 trials at CIAT were analysed to compare the yields, net returns, and risk associated with three cropping systems: monoculture beans, monoculture maize, and bean—maize association. Net returns of the systems were evaluated over a range in beam: maize price ratios from 1:1 to 8:1, a range consistent with the present prices in various parts of Latin America. Monoculture beans are most profitable over a wide range in relative prices, if the farmer is able to introduce an intensive package of technology. Risk also is highest in this system. The probability of attaining a consistent income with relatively lower investment is highest in the bean—maize associated cropping system. Experimental results confirm that the small farmer probably uses his current associated cropping system to maintain low production costs, greater income stability, and a minimum risk. This methodology could be used for other crops and cropping systems to evaluate the economic consequences of existing and potential new cropping alternatives for the small farmer.