Ecological stability and plasticity of naked oat varieties under conditions of Northern Forest-steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

Aim. To determine genotype-environment interaction during yield capacity and grain quality formation of naked oat varieties by stability and plasticity indices.Materials and methods. Analysis of stability and plasticity of naked oat varieties by yield capacity and technological indicators of grain quality was carried out according to Pakudin & Lopatina. Naked oat varieties bred at Nosivka Plant Breeding Experimental Station Skarb Ukrainy, Tembr and foreign varieties Salomon, Samuel, Marafon, Polskyi holozernyi were studied. Field testing were conducted concerning to cropping season duration, drought tolerance and lodging resistance.Results. Action of abiotic environmental factors on yield capacity and technological indicators of grain quality of naked oats was determined. It was found that naked oat varieties have middle indices of ecological plasticity and stability and can sharply reduce yield capacity under adverse growing conditions. The influence of environmental conditions of cropping season on yielding capacity of naked oats appears to be the decisive factor (84%), while the varietal characteristics were only 6%. Salomon and Polskyi holozernyi varieties were remarkable for low technological parameters of grain quality. Nosivka varieties Skarb Ukrainy and Tembr combine middle indices of ecological plasticity and stability for yielding capacity with high technological indicators of grain quality.Dispersion analysis showed that environmental conditions of cropping season had the greatest impact on test weight of the naked oat samples studied (57%), the effect of varieties was 13%, and influence of interaction of the factors was 30%. As for 1000 kernel weight varietal dependence was the most (64%), the impact of environmental conditions of cropping season was 29%. In the formation of hulled grains the influence of varietal characteristics was 26%, dependence on environmental conditions of cropping season was the most (49%), interaction of the factors was 25%.Conclusions. Under conditions of climate change when developing new naked oat varieties, great attention should be focused on breeding improvement of indices of ecological adaptability, particularly drought tolerance, which will expand the sowing area under this crop and will provide a stable high yield capacity over the years.