Abstract
The article presents the results of a theoretical review of the role of the structure of cultivated areas and crop rotations in agriculture. Based on experimental studies, recommendations are given for optimizing the structure of cultivated areas and the system of crop rotations in the forest-steppe zone of the Volga region. The structure of sown areas and crop rotations should expand the species composition of cultivated crops, introduce intermediate crops. Our research shows that the structure of sown areas should reduce the proportion of pure fallow to 40% of the area with winter grain crops to increase the productivity of arable land, protect the soil from erosion, preserve and reproduce its fertility. At the same time, it is necessary to increase the area of perennial leguminous grasses and legume-cereal mixtures and bring their share to 25% of the cultivated area. This requires introducing grain-grass and fruit crop rotations, which will improve the ecological state of the soil and crops, and ensure the reproduction of soil fertility.
Highlights
The world community has formed the concept of "sustainable development”; Russia, in turn, has legislative acts regulating the functioning of the economy in the course of sustainable development
Over the past five years, the sown area of cultivated lands in the Ulyanovsk region has increased from 1010.2 thousand hectares to 1054.1 thousand hectares, or by 43.9 thousand hectares
Our research shows the need to introduce the links of crop rotation with oilseeds: white mustard - winter wheat, spring rape - winter wheat, and oil flax - winter wheat
Summary
The world community has formed the concept of "sustainable development”; Russia, in turn, has legislative acts regulating the functioning of the economy in the course of sustainable development. As for agriculture, today the Federal Target Program of Sustainable Development of Rural Areas of the Russian Federation for 2014-2017 and until 2020 is applied This program outlines specific tasks to achieve the aggregate economic effect, including through a significant increase in agricultural production. It is appropriate to use the term "ecological direction, ecological course" - "the process of consistently introducing the ideas of nature conservation and environmental sustainability in legislation, management, technology development, economics, education, etc." [1]. In crop production, this principle is implemented through the biologization of agricultural technologies and farming systems in general. The essence of agriculture biologization is to enhance the role of biotic factors in the agroecosystems
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