РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ПРИРОДОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ - ОСНОВА ПОВЫШЕНИЯ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ КУЛЬТУР К БОЛЕЗНЯМ И ВРЕДИТЕЛЯМ

Abstract

The article deals with topical issues of balanced, rational environmental management in agriculture, ensuring food and environmental security of the country. Loads on arable land, especially in the south of the country, are often excessive. Excessive plowing lands and focus on economically attractive culture, monocultures, reduction of biodiversity, imbalance in the structure of sown areas and crop rotations lead to depletion and destruction of land, the development of erosion, deflation, dehumification, increased drought and desertification. All this leads to a deterioration of phytosanitary conditions and a decrease in crop resistance to diseases and pests. The basis of the system of foodand environmentalsecurity of Russia liesin the maximum use of natural and climatic resources, geographical, biological and environmental factors in agriculture, balanced development of domestic crop, livestock, agriculture, structure of sown areas, crop rotations and agricultural landscapes, improving the resistance of crops to diseases and pests. The whole history of the All-Russian (All-Union) V.R. Williams Fodder Research Institute (now, the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology - FWRC FPA) is connected with the solution of these problems. Fodder production - the most ambitious, multifunctional and system-forming branch of agriculture, connecting and linking it into a single whole. Fodder production determines the state of animal husbandry and has a significant influence on the solution of key problems of further development of the entire crop, farming, rational use of natural resources, increasing the stability of agroecosystems and agrolandscapes to the effects of climate and negative processes, preserving valuable agricultural lands and reproducing soil fertility, improving the ecological condition of the territory and protecting environment. The scale of fodder production, as well as the high phytomeliorative role of perennial grasses in plowed fields, hayfields and pastures make it possible to eliminate many destructive processes, sharply reduce erosion, increase soil fertility and yield subsequent crops.