Ecological problems of functioning of field protective forest belts in conditions of climate change

Abstract

Global indicators of the last century confirm the trend of rising the air temperature by 0.74 ° C and this is one of the causes of the climate change. The consequences of rising temperatures are droughts, reduction of the frost period, a sharp increase of extreme weather events. Researchers confirm that an increase of the average air temperature by 1 ° C per year can cause the movement to the north of the latitudinal boundaries of climatic zones within Ukraine to 160 km. Statistics for 2018 has confirmed the trend of rapid acceleration of global warming. The analysis of the results that led to climate change in Ukraine is twofold. On the one hand, with increasing average temperature, the agro-resource factor increases, which increases the productivity of agroecosystems. On the other hand, there is a steady increase in the frequency and duration of droughts in Ukraine, which were observed in the second millennium and threaten to reduce the productivity of agroecosystems. Scientists predict that global warming is irreversible, so the protection, preservation and reproduction of the system of protective plantations, which occupy a special place in the system of measures to adapt modern agriculture to climate change, is crucial. Field protective forest belts play a multifunctional role, which is confirmed by observations, research and practical activities. Therefore, today the preservation and creation of protective strips is one of the effective directions in an integrated approach to the adaptation of agriculture and crop production to climate change.