Abstract
The research was conducted to evaluate winter wheat varieties in terms of yield, stability and plasticity in different agro-ecological zones. Ten varieties of winter wheat were sown during 2015-16–2017-18 in two agro-ecological research zones: Forest-Steppe (the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat) and Polissia (Nosivka Plant Breeding and Experimental Station). Methods of descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were used for data statistical processing. For all three years during active plant vegetation the hydrothermal coefficient was 0.9–1.2 in the Forest-Steppe zone and in the Polissia zone it was 1.0–1.3. Winter wheat yield formation was negatively affected by the conditions of 2016-17 in the Forest-Steppe zone and 2017-18 in Polissia zone according to the relative environmental index (REI = 66 and 73, respectively). The analysis of hydrothermal conditions of different agro-climatic zones of winter wheat cultivation indicates on significant variation of the influence of these conditions on individual stages of plant development. This made it possible to identify varieties with high ecological plasticity which are able to respond less to fluctuations in environmental conditions. Using analysis of variance, it was found that winter wheat yielding capacity was significantly influenced by the factors “Zone” and “Year” (28.8, 22.9%, respectively), but theу most (36.4%) it was influenced by the interaction “Year × Zone”, this indicates a significant difference in the impact of hydrothermal conditions on this trait depending on the agro-ecological zone of cultivation. It was established that the conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone were favorable for the maximum realization of yield potential of the variety Horlytsia myronivs’ka (8.35 t/ha), while the conditions of Polissia zone were favorable for the varieties MIP Dniprianka, MIP Valensiia, Hospodynia myronivs’ka, Estafeta myronivs’ka, Hratsiia myronivs’ka (9.42; 9.65; 9.62; 9.69; 9.66 t/ha, respectively). According to the regression coefficient, the varieties Trudivnytsia myronivs’ka, Horlytsia myronivs’ka, MIP Valensiia, MIP Kniazhna, Estafeta myronivs’ka (<i>bi </i>= 0.89; 0.89; 0.93; 0.95; 0.99, respectively) with the best adaptive ability to unvavourable growing conditions were identified. According to the stability variance of the trait, there were identified the most stable varieties, namely MIP Kniazhna, Trudivnytsia myronivs’ka, MIP Dniprianka, Vezha myronivs’ka, Hratsiia myronivs’ka (<i>S<sup>2</sup>d<sub>i</sub></i> = 0.07; 0.09; 0.12; 0.17; 0.20, respectively) and the most unstable ones – Horlytsia myronivs’ka, Estafeta myronivs’ka, MIP Valensiia (<i>S<sup>2</sup>d<sub>i</sub></i> = 1.33; 0.83; 0.68, respectively).
Highlights
To provide the population with crop products based on its biologization through the formation of sustainable highly productive agrobiocenoses is one of the most important tasks of agriculture in Ukraine [2, 20]
To characterize the environment on the basis of relative indicators of hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) (RHTC) and REI it was used the scale: if values of yield formation range from 83 to 117% the environmental conditions are close to normal; for less than 83% they are significantly low; for over 117% they are significantly high
The average long-term air temperature in July was +20.5°С, in January it was minus 4.0°С (Table 2)
Summary
To provide the population with crop products based on its biologization through the formation of sustainable highly productive agrobiocenoses is one of the most important tasks of agriculture in Ukraine [2, 20]. The method of Eberhart and Russell [5] which allows determining the size of edaphoclimatic habitats of plant varieties by a relatively simple algorithm has been widely used in crop variety testing. This method is used to assess the ecological stability and plasticity of valuable economic characteristics and properties of climatypes [9]. The term stability refers to ability of varieties to form a certain level of productivity or other valuable economic characteristics or properties, regardless of environmental conditions [3, 17]. Genotypes that provide a relatively stable level of phenotypic manifestation of traits in different environments are characterized by adaptation on a wider basis. It is necessary to agree with the opinion of the researchers [18] that plasticity (stability, responsiveness) is not a general characteristic of the genotype, but relates to a specific trait or a set of traits [1, 8, 12]
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