Ecological-climatic characteristics of the flora of a floodplain landscape in Southeastern Europe

L А Karmyzova,O G Karas,B А Baranovski,N O Roshchyna,I A Ivanko

doi:10.15421/012014

L А Karmyzova, O G Karas + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.15421/012014

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Abstract

Floodplain ecosystems take on the role of active areas of biodiversity and provide many “ecosystem services”, as evidenced by a number of European scientific references. A biodiversity analysis of river floodplains in six European countries within the temperate zone has shown that the floodplains are habitats with a high-level of structural and functional dynamics. The level of their conservation reflects the floristic diversity of forest territories, which is especially important for subarid areas. Recently, a comparison of bioecological characteristics of flora in floodplain forest areas and treeless territories was conducted on the floodplain landscapes of a subarid region of Europe. The valley-terraced landscape of the Samara River, a tributary of the Dnieper can serve as a reference site of native plant complexes of subarid territory in Eastern Europe. Despite long-term anthropogenic transformation, the landscape has retained a significant phytodiversity level. The flora of the Samara River area includes 887 plant species. Of these, 177 species belonging to the rare and endangered categories. The floodplain landscape is the richest in species and most diverse part of this complex. The flora of the Samara floodplain includes 728 species (including 132 rare ones), of which 631 grow in forest communities, and 487 – in anthropogenically transformed, treeless floodplain areas. As part of the forest flora, the number of tree and shrubby species, scyophytes, hygrophytes, and megatrophs significantly increases compared to treeless sites, and the number of ruderal plant species decreases. The floristic composition of the floodplain forests of the subarid region is much richer and more diverse than the flora of the treeless floodplain areas, and this should encourage measures for their protection and restoration. Afforestation of floodplain territories within the steppe zone of Ukraine should be a priority in comparison with other landscapes. For the protection of the flora studied, a scientific justification for creating the National Park "Samara Bor" was prepared. Under the conditions of anthropogenic and climatic impact, this article is of great global importance for attracting the attention of specialists, authorities and society to the protection and restoration of biodiversity in the most valuable landscapes.

Highlights

Vascular plant flora is one of the most numerous and stable components which represents the state of ecosystems
The territories of European river floodplains are characterized by a high-level of biodiversity
Some of them can serve as reference sites with the best-preserved floral richness

Summary

Introduction

Vascular plant flora is one of the most numerous and stable components which represents the state of ecosystems. Some of them can serve as reference sites with the best-preserved floral richness One of these areas on the territory of the steppe zone of Eastern Europe is the floodplain landscape of the Samara River, a tributary of the Dnieper (Koshelev et al, 2020). The importance of forest ecosystems (especially in subarid regions) is of inestimable importance. They reduce the effects of global warming and create conditions for biodiversity conservation and recreation (Bussotti et al, 2015; Biurrun et al, 2016; Hossain et al, 2016; Colangelo et al, 2018). The floodplain landscape is characterized by a richness of biotopes (forest, meadow, wetland), which create a variety of climatopical conditions not typical for steppe landscapes, especially in recent decades of global warming (Lavergne et al, 2010; Ortmann-Ajkai et al, 2018)

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