PROBLEMS OF NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND NATURE PROTECTION IN THE KACHAVA RIVER BASIN

Abstract

The modern irrational use of water and land resources has led to a violation of the ecological balance, the destruction of natural landscape complexes of river valleys and the territories adjacent to them, and the pollution of water bodies. The basin as a special spatial unit of the biosphere is the most promising for the multi-faceted study of nature, economy, and nature management.
 The purpose of the research is to analyze the structure of land use in the Kachava River basin, the peculiarities of agricultural, industrial, transport and recreational nature use, their impact on the environment, the level of anthropogenic transformation of geosystems, the development of land use optimization measures.
 Thanks to the analysis of the structure of land use in the Kachava River basin, it was found that it deviates significantly from scientifically based norms (anthropogenically transformed territories predominate (72.9%), including arable land (62.2%). Excessively high and ecologically dangerous plowing of land was found: in many cases, the land is plowed up to the river bed, because of this, the eco-corridors in the basin, which are an important link of the eco-network, are cut off. The coefficient of anthropogenic transformation of the geosystems of the Kachava River basin was calculated (according to the method of P. Shishchenko), which is equal to 7.2 and indicates a high level of transformation of the geosystems of the studied territory.
 A positive balance of greenhouse gases has been established in the river basin due to a large share of arable land (1079 tons of CO2 per year), as well as due to the operation of livestock complexes (approximately 300 tons of CO2 per year) due to internal fermentation and processing of manure.
 The impact of industrial facilities on the environment was analyzed and measures to reduce the negative impact were proposed. The level of traffic load in all settlements of the Kachava River basin was studied. The calculation method established an excess of average CO emissions from motor vehicles in the villages of Romanivka, Malyi Khodachkiv, and Kolodiivka.
 The recreational load and recreational capacity of the territory were studied. The ecological condition of the Kachava River, Romanivskyi, Kolodiivskyi and Malochodachkivskyi ponds was analyzed according to physical and hydrobiological (Wudivis method) indicators.
 Measures to optimize land use in the Kachava river basin are proposed: it is proposed to reduce arable land by 97.65 hectares (5.7%) mainly due to afforestation; creation of two new protected objects (a landscape reserve near the village of Malyi Khodachkiv and a botanical reserve in the forest in the village of Romanivka). The submitted proposal will contribute to increasing the share of ecostabilization lands under natural vegetation from 27 to 33% of the total area of the river basin and achieving the formation of a continuous ecocorridor that will connect the objects of the nature reserve fund.
 Key words: nature resource management, optimization, anthropogenic transformation, river basin, ecological situation.