Abstract
Previous calculations showed that in the Kyrgyz Republic 7.2% of the total population are exposed to the “radiation risk”, in the Republic of Kazakhstan - about 3%, in the Republic of Tajikistan - 1.7% and in the Republic of Uzbekistan - 0.3%. The number of radiation-contaminated territories in the Republics of Central Asia is equal: the Kyrgyz Republic contains about 132 million m3 of waste, the Republic of Tajikistan contains about 180 million m3 of waste, the Republic of Uzbekistan contains 640 million m3 of waste, and the Republic of Kazakhstan contains approximately 10,000 million m3 of waste. Total: in the four Republics of Central Asia, the total amount of radioactive waste is 10952 million m3. Taking as a basis the limited liability company “Vismut GmbH” from Germany, which carried out the reclamation of uranium tailings with a volume of 160 million m3 of tailings at a cost of about 8 billion euros for about 37 years. Using a thermodynamic approach, it is shown that the costs of reclamation of uranium tailings for the four Central Asian Republics will be 548 billion euros, and the duration will be about 40 years.
Highlights
Uranium mining operations have been carried out in Central Asia, including the Republics of Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, since the 1940s
To carry out the reclamation of the radioactively contaminated territory of Central Asia on such a scale, it is necessary to calculate the economics of all these processes using the example of one enterprise, which we will do
The number of radiation-contaminated territories in the four Central Asian Republics is: the Kyrgyz Republic contains about 132 million m3 of waste, the Republic of Tajikistan contains about 180 million m3 of waste, the Republic of Uzbekistan contains 640 million m3 of waste, and the Republic of Kazakhstan there is approximately 10,000 million m3 of waste
Summary
Uranium mining operations have been carried out in Central Asia, including the Republics of Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, since the 1940s. The main contribution to the effective dose of human exposure at uranium mining enterprises, as well as in the radiation-contaminated territory of spent uranium deposits, quarries and dumps, is made by three radiation-hazardous factors: volumetric activity of short-lived daughter products of radon in the environment; specific activity of long-lived radionuclides of the uraniumradium series in the environment; dose rate of external gamma radiation. In [2, 3], we propose a thermodynamic approach to radiation-stimulated processes in solids. This is the approach we use in this article
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