Ecological and Phytocenological Characteristics of the Vegetation of the National Park “Buzuluksky Bor”

Abstract

The uniqueness of the territory of Buzuluksky Bor as an object of national and world natural heritage was first identified by outstanding domestic naturalists S.I. Korzhinsky. In historical terms, scientific research in Buzuluk pine forest has been carried out since the creation in the pinery of a scientific base - the pine forest experimental station named after A.P. Tolsky. Buzuluksky Bor's problems include: periodic droughts; forest fires over large areas; previous clear cutting; damage to forest crops by pests. On the territory of Buzuluksky Bor, 679 species of vascular plants belonging to 97 families and 353 genera grow (excluding producers), which makes 56% of the total number of species of the Orenburg region. The dominant breed Buzuluk pine forest is an Scotch pine. Buzuluksky Bor is bordered on almost all sides by a strip of deciduous forest, bordering a treeless steppe. About 40% of the area is currently occupied by pine, 21% by oak, 11% by maple, linden and alder, and about 28% by birch, aspen and other small-leaved species. According to V.N. Sukachev, the pine forests of the Buzuluksky Bor are represented by 17 types, which fall into four groups: a) lichen pine forests (Pineta cladinosa), b) mossy pine forests (Pineta pseudoherbosa), c) false grassy pine forests (Pineta pseudoherbosa), d) complex pine forests).