Abstract
In the present study pulp and paper industry effluent was treated with the help of aluminum electrode using electrocoagulation (EC) process with feasible sludge management. The influences of pH, time, current density and electrolytes dose were investigated and optimum conditions were established to reduce the maximum amount of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and color. At optimum conditions 70% of COD and 98% of color were removed. Additionally, the behavior of electrolytes (NaCl and Na2SO4) was determined; it has shown that Na2SO4 results in the generation of less secondary pollutants than that NaCl and thereby could be used as better replacement in paper industries for electrocoagulation mediated treatment of wastewater. The residual amount of operational parameters in EC treated water was compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India. It was found to be safe for utilization in irrigation. Furthermore, sludge produced during the EC process has been analyzed for physicochemical characteristics. To understand the physical and elemental phases of sludge, the analytical technique such as field emission electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy has been used to find out the possible management alternative.
Highlights
IntroductionThis industry generates wastewater which has a large amount of total solids (TS), color, numerous recalcitrant compounds and increased chemical oxygen demand (COD) [2]
The higher Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and color removal at pH 7 is observed to be due to the formation of aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 (Reaction 7)
In this study we have investigated the effect of two electrolytes (Na2SO4 and NaCl) on percentage of COD and color removal
Summary
This industry generates wastewater which has a large amount of total solids (TS), color, numerous recalcitrant compounds and increased chemical oxygen demand (COD) [2]. There are various technologies like, aerobic and anaerobic, adsorption, advanced oxidation, membrane separation process and chemical coagulation which can be used for the removal of refractory chemicals [11]-[16] These methods have their own limitations such as high cost, high chemical consumption, longer retention time, and chances of secondary pollution. In this study aluminum was used as the electrode and the mechanism of reaction during the EC process for both anode and cathode are represented below: Anode: Al → Al3+ + 3e−
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