Abstract
Salinization of plain soils in Azerbaijan Republic has a special place within the ecoethic problems. Saline soils spread widely in Azerbaijan. Approximately about 60% of the Kur-Araz lowland soils wich total area is 2.2 million hectares, became medium and strongly saline soils. In addition, saline soils are spread in Si¬yazan-Sumgait, Jeyranchol areas, in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and other areas of Azerbaijan. In general, moderate and intensive saline soils in the territory of our Republic consist of 1.3 million hectare total area. It means that 15% of the territory of the Republic has suffered this Ecoethicproblem. As a result of carried investigations it was defined that, 565481 hectares of the 1444.9 thousand hectares or 47.6% of total irrigated suitable for agriculture soils of the country, became saline in different degrees (152898 ha or 27% of this less saline, 146235 ha or 25.9% average saline, 223838 ha or 39.6% intensive saline, 42510 ha, or 7.5% salty soils), 508.3 thousand hectares (29.0%) of the different saline degrees (385037 ha or 75.8% of the low saline, 102110 ha, or 20.1% average saline, 21123 ha or 4.1% intensive saline) In the result of assessment of irrigated soils it was defined that 385.1 thousand hectares of soil is insufficient; in addition 103.4 thousand hectares of soil where the level of ground water near the surface, 115.1 thousand hectares of intensive saline soil, 166.6 thousand hectares are shown as the main reason for the combined effect of both factors. The main issue of soil washing is removal of salts from soil where plant roots spread. Plant roots spread layer implies one meter upper layer of the soil. Because, most of the agricultural crops or their root systems are in whole or partially spread under one meter. This layer is called a report layer. Light and medium mechanical composition soils are easy to clean as their water-leakage ability is great. The essence of the strip wash technology is the area defined is be washed being divided into parallel 3-5 lines depending on among-drain distance. The width of the central section 100 m, but the edges of the strips are separated into 50 meters. Washing the first begins with burial of the central zone with water, in the second stage middle strips, and in the third stage continues the burial of the edge strips. The area is prepared for washing generally in intermittent wash. Beds buried with water should be waited for absorption of the water up to depth 1.5-2.0 m. After that, the area is to be watered again. By this way washing continues up to reaching required report norm.
Highlights
In 1965, after the Soviet Union adopted a decision on the development of irrigation in the country, as well as large-scale irrigation and reclamation activities are carried out in Azerbaijan, as well as complex measures against soil salinization of irrigated areas, in regions were developed
The investigations show that, despite being in stagnation condition for some period, increase in rate of repeated salinization areas is not very high.In recent years, cleaning and other measures in Salyan, Mughan plains collector-drainage systems creates a hope on salinization or secondary salinization which is the most serious challenge to prevent the possibility of Ecoethic problem
As seen from the table, wheat productivity in weak saline soil is about 30%, in average saline is 50%, in intensive saline is 75%, in salty soil it is less than 90%
Summary
Soil salinization or becoming salty are the natural processes occurring in the soil, it causes a negative impact on agricultural production, natural communities, including low-lying areas and in lowlying forest formations if not to take necessary measures in a timely manner Such soils are considered environmentally disadvantaged areas, and there must be taken some ecoethic measures warning their negative dynamics, prevention and restoration for use (drainage application, carrying out washing, chemical reclamation, some administrative and legal measures, etc.) [2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10]. Buried in the areas of flood waters of the Kur and Araz rivers, the soil surface cracks formed because of drying and after it seeds (barley and cotton) were sown, though there have not been vegetation watering the was product relatively high In these conditions in the 60s years of the XIX century, the Tsarist government has implemented some measures for irrigation of these areas and has started the construction of irrigation canals for the production of cotton to Mugan-Salyan zone in 1900. Along the left bank of the Kur River the area from Yevlakh to Hajigabul formed "Black water" swamp, the surrounding area has been exposed to salinization
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