Eccentric and Concentric Strength Training in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review

Abstract

To analyze the existing evidence on the effects of concentric and eccentric exercises on pain, strength, and functional outcomes in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), from inception to June 2022, for articles comparing the effectiveness of eccentric and concentric training for individuals with knee OA. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. This study is registered on PROSPERO, number CRD42022351069. The search generated 211 results, of which 13 full-text articles were reviewed. The review includes four randomized controlled trials of high methodological quality that analysed the latest evidence on the benefits of eccentric and concentric strengthening in 239 people with knee OA grade 2 or 3. All of the examined studies indicated that both training programs improved pain, muscle strength, and functional activities and showed a statistical significance of <i>P</i> < 0.05. Concentrically focused resistance training lowered pain intensity after ambulation and daily activities. Both eccentric and concentric exercises enhanced functional performance and muscle strength. Although eccentric and concentric exercises can both aid OA patients in enhancing their functional abilities, the therapist must choose the approach that best fits the patient's objectives and other health-related variables.