Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus, affecting >90% of the adult population. EBV targets B-lymphocytes and achieves latent infection in a circular episomal form. Different latency patterns are recognized based on latent gene expression pattern. Latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) mimics CD40 and, when self-aggregated, provides a proliferation signal via activating the nuclear factor-kappa B, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways to promote cellular proliferation. LMP-1 also induces BCL-2 to escape from apoptosis and gives a signal for cell cycle progression by enhancing cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein and by inhibiting p16 and p27. LMP-2A blocks the surface immunoglobulin-mediated lytic cycle reactivation. It also activates the Ras/PI3K/Akt pathway and induces Bcl-xL expression to promote B-cell survival. Recent studies have shown that ebv-microRNAs can provide extra signals for cellular proliferation, cell cycle progression and anti-apoptosis. EBV is well known for association with various types of B-lymphocyte, T-lymphocyte, epithelial cell and mesenchymal cell neoplasms. B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders encompass a broad spectrum of diseases, from benign to malignant. Here we review our current understanding of EBV-induced lymphomagenesis and focus on biology, diagnosis and management of EBV-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
Highlights
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the family Herpesviridae and subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae
latent membrane protein (LMP)-1 is oncogenic in vivo without expression of the other EBV gene and functionally mimics CD40, which is involved in B-cell activation and proliferation.[12,13]
EBV latent proteins are well known for oncogenesis, and EBV is associated with various lymphoproliferative disorders that range broadly from benign diseases to aggressive malignant neoplasms
Summary
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the family Herpesviridae and subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. LMP-1 is oncogenic in vivo without expression of the other EBV gene and functionally mimics CD40, which is involved in B-cell activation and proliferation.[12,13] It is a sixtransmembrane integral protein with a 200 amino-acid C-terminal cytoplasmic tail. This tail includes two important domains, C-terminal activation region 1 (CTAR1) and CTAR2. None of the reported patients died of the disease irrespective of treatment
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