Eating and sociodemographic data of adults with type 1 Diabetes mellitus during COVID-19’s social distancing

Jullyana Vago De Vilhena,Manuela Maria De Lima Carvalhal,Daniela Lopes Gomes,Heloisy Andrea Da Costa Brasil,Jeane Lorena Dias Kikuchi

doi:10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25847

Jullyana Vago De Vilhena, Manuela Maria De Lima Carvalhal + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25847

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Abstract

Objective: Evaluate the association between eating habits and sociodemographic factors in adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) during COVID-19’s social distancing. Design: Transversal, descriptive and analytical study carried out in July 2020, using a form on the platform Google Forms®. Sociodemographic data, information on social distancing and food choices were collected. For statistical analysis it was performed the Chi-Square Test, considering p<0.05. Results: There was an association between social distancing and being female (p=0.014), living with individuals with diabetes (p=0.037) and having income maintained during the pandemic (p=0.032). Being female was associated with increased consumption of snacks (p=0.003) and sweets (p=0.016). Being between 18 and 24 years old was associated with changing food consumption (p=0.001), increasing consumption (p=0.001), especially snacks (p=0.005). Being over 45 years old was associated with maintaining the eating pattern (p=0.001). Having income maintained or increased was associated with maintaining the eating pattern (p=0.042). Conclusion: Age, gender and income can influence the eating habits of adults with T1DM during social distancing, which alerts to the need to maintain nutritional assistance in order to ensure a healthy eating pattern, as well as to have minimum income guarantee programs to ensure access to good quality food.

Highlights

IntroductionIndividuals with diabetes are in the risk group for COVID-19, probably associated with chronic complications and of the lack of glycemic control (Gentile, et al, 2020)
In 2020, after the World Health Organization declared the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, social distancing was widely recommended, in order to control the spread of the Coronavirus and protect the people most vulnerable to the disease’s complications (Bedford & Enria, 2020).Individuals with diabetes are in the risk group for COVID-19, probably associated with chronic complications and of the lack of glycemic control (Gentile, et al, 2020)
In the study by Holmann et al (2020) it was observed that people with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values above 10% had a higher risk of a worse prognosis and death by COVID-19, both for patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 (T2DM)

Summary

Introduction

Individuals with diabetes are in the risk group for COVID-19, probably associated with chronic complications and of the lack of glycemic control (Gentile, et al, 2020). In the study by Holmann et al (2020) it was observed that people with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values above 10% had a higher risk of a worse prognosis and death by COVID-19, both for patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 (T2DM). According to Andrade et al (2017), sociodemographic factors play an important role in the adherence to treatment of people with T1DM, with low glycemic control of these patients being common in Brazil, associated with low education and the perception of low adherence to diet and insulin therapy. Mendoza et al (2018) concluded in their study that low and medium levels of food insecurity in people with T1DM are associated with higher levels of HbA1c. Marsola et al (2020), when evaluating the reason for food choices and how socioeconomic characteristics and risk perception of chronic diseases affect them, observed that socioeconomic factors, such as income and education, strongly affect food choices

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