Abstract
Abstract In this study, we investigated the stability and reactivation of preexisting Tonghua landslide deposits in China, including the adjacent stable slope. We used an integrated approach, combining a multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). We used ERT to determine groundwater seepage paths, weathering conditions, water content, and the depth to bedrock. High-resolution two-dimensional (2D) shear-wave velocity MASW images, on the other hand, played an essential role in detecting both horizontal and vertical compositions, disjointedness, and sliding surfaces related to lithological borders. Based on seismic models, we considered four geological layers encountered in the stable slope, including fractured (gravel) and weathered (phyllite) materials, as a sliding mass. We combined the 2D resistivity profiles obtained to create pseudo-three-dimensional ERT images to estimate water-saturated and unsaturated masses. From the tomography results, we identified different preexisting deposits, including buried arable clay deposits, old accumulated earthflow deposits, a water accumulation zone, and a fissure runoff. Based on the resistivity results, the bottom of the earthflow deposits is susceptible to water, and oversaturation can reactivate the earthflow.
Highlights
Natural disasters frequently cause severe hazards to thoroughfares and transport substructures, homes, industrial facilities, and utilities
The two examples show a good match of the total rapidity from multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) with the stratigraphic logs
We developed a schematic model of the landslide main body and its hydrogeological features in the study area based on the integrated results of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and MASW
Summary
Natural disasters frequently cause severe hazards to thoroughfares and transport substructures, homes, industrial facilities, and utilities. Landslides are natural hazards that can occur anywhere worldwide. According to the Chinese Ministry of Land and Resources, from 2001 to 2010, 9,941 people died or disappeared in disastrous events such as landslides and mudslides. For instance, can cause water to infiltrate into shear ruptures or creep–tensile ruptures, resulting in instability. It can increase orifice water pressure and decrease the significant trimming resistance of a subsurface sliding surface [2,3]. It is vital to assess the sliding material thickness, locate subsurface sliding surfaces, and to differentiate the groundwater spread within landslide events to evaluate hazard prevention processes [4,5,6]
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