Abstract
Power systems and their primary components, mostly the transmission and distribution of overhead lines, substations, and other power facilities, are distributed in space and are exposed to various atmospheric and meteorological conditions. These conditions carry a certain level of risk for reliable electrical power delivery. Various atmospheric hazards endanger the operation of power systems, where the most significant are thunderstorms, wildfire events, and floods which can cause various ranges of disturbances, faults, and damages to the power grid, or even negatively affect the quality of life. By utilizing a weather monitoring and early warning system, it is possible to ensure a faster reaction against different weather-caused fault detections and elimination, to ensure a faster and more adequate preparation for fighting extreme weather events, while maintaining overhead line protection and fault elimination. Moreso, it is possible to bypass overhead lines that have the highest risk of unfavorable meteorological events and hazards, and reroute the energy, thus providing electricity to endangered areas in times of need while minimizing blackouts, and consequently, improving the quality of human life. This paper will present an analysis of the various risks of atmospheric phenomena, in the meteorological and climate context, and discuss various power system components, the power system control, operations, planning, and power quality. A concept with the main functionalities and data sources needed for the establishment of an early warning weather hazard system will be proposed. The proposed solution can be used as a utility function in power system control to mitigate risks to the power system due to atmospheric influences and ongoing climate change.
Highlights
Almost all the weather phenomena that influence power systems are developed in the atmosphere, e.g., storms, or the atmosphere affects them, e.g., solar radiation
At the beginning of the research of the weather influence on the power system in Croatia, authors faced the problem of characterizing weather hazards and what consequences can each weather phenomenon on the power system cause? Another problem was what meteorological parameters should be observed in researching each weather phenomenon influencing the power system
Relative humidity (RH) measures how much water vapor there is in a water–air mixture compared to the maximum amount possible [25]
Summary
Earth is surrounded by an air envelope known as the atmosphere. Almost all the weather phenomena that influence power systems are developed in the atmosphere, e.g., storms, or the atmosphere affects them, e.g., solar radiation. Another problem was what meteorological parameters should be observed in researching each weather phenomenon influencing the power system. The third problem that the authors faced was the lack of literature that summarizes the meteorological aspect of fire events in Croatia together with their influence on the power system. The purpose of this article is to observe the influence of the weather on the power system and suggest methods for weather hazard protection with an emphasis on fire events. The third step is to find ways to establish early warning and weather hazard protection.
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