Abstract
Trauma still represents one of the major causes of death worldwide. Despite the reduction of post-traumatic sepsis over the past two decades, the mortality of septic trauma inpatients is still high (19.5–23 %). Early prevention of sepsis development can aid in the subsequent treatment of patients and help improve their outcomes. To date, the prevention of trauma-related infection/sepsis has mainly included infection prevention (e.g., surgical management, prophylactic antibiotics, tetanus vaccination, immunomodulatory interventions) and organ dysfunction prevention (e.g., pharmaceuticals, temporary intravascular shunts, lung-protective strategies, enteral immunonutrition, acupuncture). Overall, more efficient ways should be developed to prevent trauma-related infection/sepsis.
Highlights
The mortality rate of trauma is still very high and is increasing, according to the World Health Organization
Both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses are involved in the posttraumatic pathologic process, and they increase the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, and multiple organ failure (MOF)
Antibiotics are generally recommended for wound and nosocomial infection prevention
Summary
The mortality rate of trauma is still very high and is increasing, according to the World Health Organization. Mechanical cleaning with high-pressure irrigation may effectively decrease the level of bacterial contamination and reduce the incidence of wound infection [4, 13]. Edlich et al [4] suggested that less tissue debridement had been associated with a lower rate of wound infection.
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