Early pregnancy loss as an indication for preimplantation genetic testing

Abstract

Hypothesis/aims of study. Approximately 1015% of clinical pregnancies end in spontaneous abortions. The main cause of early miscarriages is chromosomal aberrations of the embryos. Chromosomal abnormalities are detected in 70% of sporadic miscarriages and in 3050 % of recurrent miscarriage. Modern assisted reproductive technologies allow not only to treat infertility, but also to provide access to embryos, which makes it possible to test them for hereditary diseases and chromosomal abnormalities before implantation. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) in patients with infertility and early pregnancy loss.
 Study design, materials and methods. IVF outcomes were studied retrospectively in 84 patients under the age of 39 years. The first group consisted of 22 women with a normal karyotype, who underwent 34 IVF cycles with PGT for aneuploidies and 22 transfers of euploid embryos. The second group comprised 48 women with a normal karyotype, who underwent IVF treatment without PGT. In this group, we preformed 45 frozen and 18 fresh embryo transfers. The third group included 14 couples with chromosomal structural rearrangements, who underwent 22 IVF cycles with PGT for chromosomal structural rearrangements.
 Results. The cumulative pregnancy rate and the birth rate did not significantly differ between the study groups. The early miscarriage rate and the multiple pregnancy rate were significantly lower in groups with PGT compared to the group without PGT. The aneuploidy rate was significantly higher in women with two or more pregnancy losses in history compared to patients with only one pregnancy loss.
 Conclusion. The data obtained allow recommending IVF with PGT to women with recurrent pregnancy loss in order to avoid subsequent miscarriage.