Early management of class II division 2 malocclusion. Literature review

Abstract

This paper presents the most relevant information about the class II division 2 malocclusion (II / 2) described in the literature and different treatment options based on orthopedics. Class II malocclusion is characterized by mandibular retrognathism and / or prognathic maxillary which could affect the molar relationship and considering the dental component is subdivided into Type 1, characterized by vestibular inclination of all upper incisors and Type 2 with upper central incisors retroclined and vestibularized lateral incisors. It presents multifactorial etiology. As reported by the literature, the incidence of malocclusion Class II / 2 ranges from 3-12%. It is characterized by different vertical, transverse, facial, skeletal and dental features that differentiate it from other malocclusions, and thus make decisions on time. Therefore, early treatment of this type of malocclusion, can reduce the possibility of surgery, minimizec the severity of the alteration in stomatological system functions and improve the overall appearance of the patient. The goals of treatment are directed transversely performing maxillary expansion to allow correction in alteration of the axial inclination of the upper incisors and solve dental crowding, leading to a malocclusion class II / 1, for further mandibular advancement.
 Keywords: Malocclusion, Class II Division 2, mixed dentition, functional orthopedics of the jaws.