Abstract
Background: fixed orthodontic appliances deleterious influence on gingival health is well documented. Association between weight status and gingival health is presented in many studies. This study aimed to evaluate how early the impact of fixed orthodontic therapy on patients` gingival health, and if there are differences of that impact among different weight status groups. Materials and Methods: Sample consisted of 54 patients (25 males, 29 females; age limits are 16 -18 years) going under the course of treatment with fixed orthodontic appliance. Patients were categorized according to their Body Mass Index (BMI) into 3 weight status groups considering WHO charts in 2007 (underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese), then determination of each patient`s gingival health status was through the criteria of the gingival index (GI) by Loe and Silness in 1963 which modified by Loe in 1967. Records of gingival index for all patients who met specific criteria were taken in three time points [before bonding (1st visit), 2 weeks after bonding (2nd visit), and 4 weeks after bonding (3rd visit)]. Also BMI of the patients were checked at each of the three visits. Results: There was a significant increase in gingival index for all BMI weight status groups after just two weeks of treatment, and the increase continues during the 3rd visit, with no significant difference in impact among weight status groups. Conclusions: oral health preventive measures should be applied rapidly and equally to all patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances, without taking their BMI weight status in consideration.
Highlights
Fixed orthodontic appliances introduce an additional constituent to the oral cavity complex that may enhance oral environment in a variety of ways [1]
At the beginning of each of the three visits; a data sheet were filled for each subject; including records of height and weight taken for each patient in order to calculate their body mass index (BMI) [15], according to the results of those calculations, patients were grouped under three categories, considering a standerd charts set by world health organization (WHO); specific for each age and gender [16]
Its study samples were categorized according to their body mass index into three categories, records had been taken in only two visits, that is because Von Bremen study was retrospective, depending on previously recorded data and photographs in scoring gingival index
Summary
Fixed orthodontic appliances introduce an additional constituent to the oral cavity complex that may enhance oral environment in a variety of ways [1]. Orthodontic treatment leads to changes in the oral environmental factors that encourage deteriorations in oral hygiene status and increased plaque coverage in orthodontic patients to 2 or 3 folds than levels observed in high plaque forming subjects without appliance [2]. Pain is considered one of the major factors that cause deterioration in gingival health status, due to difficulties in performing usual preventive measures [4] and changes in patientsdietary habits [5]. Pain and discomfort caused by fixed orthodontic appliance can last for 14 days [6]. The World Health Organization (WHO) describes Obesity as one of today’s most neglected public health problem, affecting every region of the globe [7]
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