Abstract
Premature neonates may experience glycaemic disorders and instability due to their overall and pancreatic immaturity. Hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia occur more frequently in the first days of life and in patients with the lowest gestational ages and birth weights. Risk factors include inability to feed, low insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 serum levels, maternal pre-eclampsia.1,2 Early hyperglycaemia has been associated with increased morbidity, mortality, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotising enterocolitis, intraventricular haemorrhage, longer neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stays and poor late neurodevelopmental outcomes. Hyperglycaemia has also been identified as an important early sign of, or possible risk factor for, late-onset sepsis.1,2 However, the extent of this association, and any putative causality, remain unclear.
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