Abstract
BackgroundBlastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and aggressive hematologic malignancy characterized by neoplastic cells that are positive for CD123, CD4, BDCA2, and TCL1 and aberrant expression of CD56. Historically, patients with BPDCN have an unfavorable prognosis and the optimal treatment is not established due to lack of prospective data.Case reportIn this report we describe a patient with Felty’s syndrome and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in whom a population of aberrant plasmacytoid dendritic cells emerged while on treatment with decitabine. Approximately 4 months later he transformed to leukemic BPDCN with skin and eye manifestations. Cytogenetic analysis showed diploid karyotype and molecular analysis showed mutations in KRAS, NOTCH1, and RUNX1 genes. He was treated with CD123-targeted therapy and had significant response in his marrow, skin, eyes, and functional status after one cycle.ConclusionThe case demonstrates that minimal transformative disease of BPDCN may be detectable in patients with MDS well before fulminant progression. Early detection of emerging leukemic clones may allow for alternative monitoring and treatment considerations.
Highlights
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare, aggressive hematologic malignancy that was first described in 1995 and manifests mainly as cutaneous lesions with or without lymph node or bone marrow (BM) involvement [1, 2]
The case demonstrates that minimal transformative disease of BPDCN may be detectable in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) well before fulminant progression
Detection of emerging leukemic clones may allow for alternative monitoring and treatment considerations
Summary
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare, aggressive hematologic malignancy that was first described in 1995 and manifests mainly as cutaneous lesions with or without lymph node or bone marrow (BM) involvement [1, 2]. Conclusion: The case demonstrates that minimal transformative disease of BPDCN may be detectable in patients with MDS well before fulminant progression. Association of BPDCN with MDS has been reported, yet its association with Felty syndrome has never been described [5, 8]. The current case describes a patient with Felty syndrome and MDS transformed to BPDCN with leukemic, skin, and eye manifestations.
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