Abstract
The red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens LeConte) has caused severe ecological and economic losses since its invasion into China. It gradually spreads northeast, resulting in many Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.) deaths. Early detection of D. valens infestation (i.e., at the green attack stage) is the basis of control measures to prevent its outbreak and spread. This study examined the changes in spectral reflectance after initial attacking of D. valens. We also explored the possibility of detecting early D. valens infestation based on spectral vegetation indices and machine learning algorithms. The spectral reflectance of infested trees was significantly different from healthy trees (p < 0.05), and there was an obvious decrease in the near-infrared region (760–1386 nm; p < 0.01). Spectral vegetation indices were input into three machine learning classifiers; the classification accuracy was 72.5–80%, while the sensitivity was 65–85%. Several spectral vegetation indices (DID, CUR, TBSI, DDn2, D735, SR1, NSMI, RNIR•CRI550 and RVSI) were sensitive indicators for the early detection of D. valens damage. Our results demonstrate that remote sensing technology could be successfully applied to early detect D. valens infestation and clarify the sensitive spectral regions and vegetation indices, which has important implications for early detection based on unmanned airborne vehicle and satellite data.
Highlights
IntroductionThe red turpentine beetle (RTB; Dendroctonus valens LeConte) is an important invasive pest in China
The Mann–Whitney U-test result showed that the spectral reflectance between healthy and green attack (GA) trees was significantly different (p < 0.05) for 954 wavebands, among which 740 wavebands were highly significant (p < 0.01) (Figure 5)
It explored the possibility of early detection of red turpentine beetle (RTB) infestation using hyperspectral data
Summary
The red turpentine beetle (RTB; Dendroctonus valens LeConte) is an important invasive pest in China. Since it was discovered in Shanxi Province in 1998, it has spread rapidly and caused severe mortality of pine trees, resulting in serious ecological and economic losses [1]. By the end of 2004, RTB occurred in an area of more than 500,000 hectares and killed more than 6 million pine trees, resulting in direct economic losses of CNY 684 million and ecological losses of CNY 8.1 billion [2]. The infestation area has spread northeast and reached Inner Mongolia and Liaoning provinces in 2017.
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