Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the alterations in the ultrastructure of orgenelles and cellular activity of exocrine pancreatic acini of experimentally induced-diabetic rats and to assess the usefulness of herbal combination supplementation in improving the ultrastructure and cellular activity of exocrine pancreas. The number of albino male rats used were 24 which divided into equally 4 groups; group I: control group, group II: alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus (single intraperitoneal dose of alloxan 120 mg/kg for 3 days), group III: herbal combination treatment composed from the extracts of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum), black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds, rhizomes of ginger (Zingiber officinale), leaves of olive (Olea europeae), and seeds of ash (Fraxinus ssp). Each rat given 2.5 ml (0.5 ml from each five mixed plant extracts used) for 2 months. group IV: diabetes was induced as group II and treated with herbal combination as group III for 2 months. The processing for investigating by transmission electron microscopy were carried out for all pancreata taken from all groups. There was significant reduction (p<0.05) in mean of FBG levels in diabetic rats treated with herbal combination (group IV) as compared to diabetic control and could revert FBG to normal value compared to negative control The results of examination of semithin and ultrathin sections in diabetic rats revealed many degenerative changes in the exocrine pancreatic tissue in comparison to control group. These degenerative changes can be summarized as disturbances in the arrangement of pancreatic acinar cells and decreased secretory granules in addition to the vacuolation of cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei were observed in semithin sections. Moreover, degenerated nuclei, vacuolation of cytoplasm, fragmentation of rough endoplasm reticulum and degranulation of the most pancreatic acinar cells were noticed in ultrathin sections. In contrast, the acinar cells of group administrated with herbal combination only had normal ultrastructure, cellular activity, and nuclei, well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum with abundant zymogen granules. Also, most of the acinar cells retrieved their normal ultrastructure and cellular activity in diabetic group treated with herbal combination and herbal combination could decrease most of the degenerative changes caused by alloxan-induced diabetes. In conclusion, the daily supplementation with this herbal combination to diabetic rat for 2 months could achieving promising effects due to its cytoprotective influence and showed the ability to decreased degenerative damage in the ultrastructure and cellular activity of exocrine pancreatic acini in type 2 diabetic rats.
Highlights
The predominance of diabetes mellitus type-2 has raised throughout the last 20 years, a fact driven by the raised predominance of obesity, the main risk factor for diabetes mellitus
Pancreas is organ of a doubled-entity, composed of an endocrine and an exocrine component, interact in a reciprocal manner to made system whose function is related for homeostasis of nutrients, absorption, and digestion
The effectiveness of herbal combination was investigated, which composed from five of commonly used herbal medications by diabetic patients in Iraq which were seeds of fenugreek, seeds of black cumin, rhizomes of ginger, leaves of olive, and seeds of ash on ultrastructure and cellular activity of exocrine pancreatic acini in diabetic rats. Their ability to regeneration of both ultrastructure and cellular activity of exocrine pancreatic tissue subsequent to the induction of diabetes for the reason that documentary evidence that this herbal combination was effective in reducing levels of serum sugar and urea, enhancing insulin secretion and caused significant gain in body weight as compared with diabetic control group [28]
Summary
The predominance of diabetes mellitus type-2 has raised throughout the last 20 years, a fact driven by the raised predominance of obesity, the main risk factor for diabetes mellitus. In the Arab world, the diabetes are surprising as the count of diabetic patients is projected to enlarge by 96.2% in 2035 [1]. Pancreas is organ of a doubled-entity, composed of an endocrine and an exocrine component, interact in a reciprocal manner to made system whose function is related for homeostasis of nutrients, absorption, and digestion. It is not startling that disturbance of the endocrine part of pancreas influence the exocrine part and vice versa. The previous data are quite restricted to Baghdad Science Journal study regeneration of β -cell which can take place in diabetes [4]. Few researchers have reported the disturbed function of the exocrine pancreas in diabetic patients [6], little attention has been given to study effect of diabetes in ultrastructure of exocrine pancreas. It would be of interest to examine the regeneration of exocrine acinar cell in diabetes mellitus
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