Abstract
The use of copaiba oil has been reported since the 16th century in Amazon traditional medicine, especially as an anti-inflammatory ingredient and for wound healing. The use of copaiba oil continues today, and it is sold in various parts of the world, including the United States. Copaiba oil contains mainly sesquiterpenes, bioactive compounds that are popular for their positive effect on human health. As part of our ongoing research endeavors to identify the chemical constituents of broadly consumed herbal supplements or their adulterants, copaiba oil was investigated. In this regard, copaiba oil was subjected to repeated silica gel column chromatography to purify the compounds. As a result, one new and seven known sesquiterpenes/sesquiterpenoids were isolated and identified from the copaiba oil. The new compound was elucidated as (E)-2,6,10-trimethyldodec-8-en-2-ol. Structure elucidation was achieved by 1D- and 2D NMR and GC/Q-ToF mass spectral data analyses. The isolated chemical constituents in this study could be used as chemical markers to evaluate the safety or quality of copaiba oil.
Highlights
European settlers reported that the people of the Brazilian Amazon region used copaiba trees to treat their wounds [1]
Copaiba oil can be obtained from several species of Copaifera trees, but Copaifera reticulata is responsible for 70% of oil production [4,5]
Copaiba oil was fractionated via silica gel column chromatography into three fractions
Summary
European settlers reported that the people of the Brazilian Amazon region used copaiba trees to treat their wounds [1]. Copaiba oil has been used in folk medicine for centuries as a wound-healing agent [7] This use was likely inspired by animals, as the indigenous people observed injured animals rubbing their bodies on the stem of Copaifera trees [4]. Copaiba oil was investigated as part of a continuing effort to isolate and identify chemical markers for use in quality studies of dietary supplements and botanical drug products under development in the United States. In this regard, eight sesquiterpenes/sesquiterpenoids (Figure 1), including one new, were isolated and characterized by analyzing their 1D and 2D NMR and GC/Q-ToF mass data
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