Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) are a promising solution to reduce the transportation dependency on oil, as well as the environmental concerns. Realization of E-transportation relies on providing electrical energy to the EVs in an effective way. Energy storage system (ESS) technologies, including batteries and ultra-capacitors, have been significantly improved in terms of stored energy and power. Beside technology advancements, a battery management system is necessary to enhance safety, reliability and efficiency of the battery. Moreover, charging infrastructure is crucial to transfer electrical energy from the grid to the EV in an effective and reliable way. Every aspect of E-transportation is permeated by the presence of an intelligent hardware platform, which is embedded in the vehicle components, provided with the proper interfaces to address the communication, control and sensing needs. This embedded system controls the power electronics devices, negotiates with the partners in multi-agent scenarios, and performs fundamental tasks such as power flow control and battery management. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the open challenges in E-transportation and to show the fundamental role played by embedded systems. The conclusion is that transportation electrification cannot fully be realized without the inclusion of the recent advancements in embedded systems.
Highlights
E-transportation is one of the most promising technologies to alleviate fossil fuel dependency, reduce greenhouse gas emission, and improve energy efficiency
The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the current status and the open challenges in E-transportation and to show the fundamental role played by embedded systems in the results achieved so far
It will be shown that advances on embedded systems are one of the enabling factors to further proceed toward transportation electrification
Summary
E-transportation is one of the most promising technologies to alleviate fossil fuel dependency, reduce greenhouse gas emission, and improve energy efficiency. Reliable, safe, and efficient on-board electrical energy source, as well as the required charging infrastructure, is the main challenge in the transportation electrification [1]. Because the ultra-capacitor and the battery are two energy resources with different dynamics, features, and specifications, their integration needs an effective energy management strategy realized by an embedded system, to provide optimal performance [5]. Another fundamental embedded system is the battery management system (BMS) needed to ensure optimal, reliable, and safe operation of the battery in electric vehicles (EVs). This scenario demands for a network of intelligent systems embedded in the various players of the application, which cooperate to achieve optimal performance
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