E-Learning Readiness: A Scale Development in Saudi Higher Education Institutions

Abstract

This research constructs E-Readiness for e-learning in Saudi Arabian higher education institutions. Seven dimensions forming E-readiness, namely (Policy, Pedagogy, Technology, Interface Design, Management, Administrative Support, Evaluation and Continual Improvement). Research instrument was developed using pool of items generated from literature, then confirmed using EFA, CFA. The scale served as reliable, valid tool to assess E-Readiness. This research considered unique attributes of teacher, student, and administrator to achieve meaningful comparisons across groups, results exhibit adequate cross-group equivalence which achieved at different levels. Finding confirmed the universality of E-Readiness factors to have significant explaining power, stability of the scale and it isn’t influenced by differences of groups either conceptually or psychometrically, therefore, ability for testing the measurement model for participants in e-learning with no need for separation. The study provides a theoretical insights and empirical findings. Discussion, implication of finding and recommendation for future research in e-learning in higher education institutions were presented.